Each round for the IBBSS utilized respondent sampling that is driven towards the concealed nature of MSM and therefore permits contrast between and across rounds. Respondent sampling that is drivenRDS) happens to be described at length in past studies 22, 23. Fleetingly, RDS is a modified chain referral sampling that is non-random of recruitment that adjusts for the non-randomness employing a mathematical model that weights each sample recruited 23. Inclusion criteria ended up being male aged 16 years and above with a brief history of dental and/or anal contact that is sexual another guy when you look at the six months before the study. Known MSM, designated as “seeds” began the chain for the recommendation network and make use of vouchers to recruit their peers in to the research. Ten seeds had been chosen for every circular and seeds had been diversified by age, academic status and status that is socioeconomic. In order to prevent an over-representation of MSM with hot russian brides comparable characteristics, vouchers limited by three per recruit was utilized 23, 24. In addition, in order to avoid repeat enrollment, only 1 screener had been used, only 1 individual ended up being authorized to reimburse MSM that has successfully recruited their peers and just one location had been utilized. Each voucher ended up being redeemable and yielded N500 approx. $3 USD as a motivation for participating, with one more N500 directed at a recruit for every effective participant that is additional. Total compensation ended up being restricted to a compensation that is maximum of approximately $12 USD. Sample size when it comes to 2007 IBBSS had been projected according to an thought HIV prevalence of 15%, a design aftereffect of 2.0 and degree of accuracy of 0.05. For the 2010 and 2014 IBBSS, test size ended up being believed to identify a 10% vary from the round that is subsequent.

Data collection

Structured close-ended interviewer administered questionnaires elicited information about socio-demographic faculties, types of intercourse lovers and intimate danger actions. Interviews had been carried out in MSM friendly businesses identified in each one of the study states. Transactional sex had been examined both with feminine and partners that are male. Kind of rectal intercourse practiced had been classified as “insertive penile intercourse” or penile that is“receptive” into the past a few months. HIV danger perception had been examined by asking MSM “do you might be feeling you will be prone to illness with HIV? ” with reaction choices being “yes or no”. Consistent condom use with intimate lovers during transactional and non-transactional intercourse had been examined by asking the concerns “how often did you or your male partner make use of condom each time you had intercourse within the last few 6 months? ” while condom usage at final intercourse had been evaluated because of the concern “the last time you had anal intercourse do you or your partner make use of condom? ”. Transactional sex ended up being examined by asking “have you received gift or money in return for intercourse within the last a few months? ” Written permission ended up being acquired from all individuals both for behavioural and biological aspects of the survey.

Laboratory testing

Detection of HIV during all of the studies ended up being regularly done by quick test making use of blood that is whole acquired from a hand prick. In line with the nationwide HIV assessment guideline, a synchronous algorithm of Determine (Alere Medical, United States Of America) and Unigold (Trinity Biotech, Plc, Bray, Ireland) was utilized to recognize HIV sero-positivity while status of discordant tests had been verified by using Stat Pak (Chembio Diagnostic techniques, ny, United States Of America).

Information administration and analysis

Data from each research state had been entered centrally utilizing CS professional variation 3.2 and 25% of questionnaires underwent double-data entry to make sure information quality. Behavioural and biological information had been connected by research unique recognition number for every participant. Information from each round had been merged and analyzed STATA that is using 14.0 Corporation). Descriptive statistics of demographic, behavioural, and biological factors was carried out. The Cochran-Armitage Chi Square trend test ended up being utilized to compare differences when considering categorical factors across various rounds of IBBSS, as the Kruskal-Wallis test ended up being utilized to compare variations in constant factors across various rounds of IBBSS. To determine associations between HIV and predictor variables (Tables), bivariate logistic regression analysis ended up being carried out with p value ?0•2 designated as the cutoff for addition in multivariate logistic regression models. Factors were retained should they attained a p value ?0•05 within the analysis that is multivariate. The predictor variables had been predicated on information from literary works that revealed a connection between your factors and HIV.

Sociodemographics

Table 1 highlights the sociodemographic data of MSM over the three rounds associated with IBBSS. A complete of 897, 1545 and 3611 MSM had been surveyed in 2007, 2010 and 2014 correspondingly. Most of the participants were aged 20–24 years in 2007 (61%) and 2014 (46%), whilst in 2010, almost half (47%) of this participants had been 25 years or older. Over 85% associated with participants had never ever hitched in each round of this survey. Greater part of the participants had finished at the very least level that is secondary, and also this had been greatest among participants in 2007 with 63per cent accompanied by participants in 2014 (55%).

Intimate danger Behaviours

The median wide range of insertive anal lovers ended up being constant between 2007 and 2010 with about 50% for the participants reporting insertive anal sex (IAS) with at the least two lovers interquartile range (IQR 1–4) within the last a few months. For receptive anal sex (RAS), a median of two partners that are sexual reported in 2007 although it ended up being one partner both in 2010 and 2014. Overall, about a 3rd had engaged in transactional intercourse in 2007 (95% self- confidence period (CI): 30–36%) and 2014 (32–35%), although it had been about two-fifths this year (36–41%). Consistent condom use, whenever intercourse had been offered increased steadily from 35% (27–44%) to 79per cent (74–83%) between 2007 and 2014. Likewise, consistent condom used in the last half a year before the study during compensated intimate encounters increased from 35% (30–41%) in 2007 to 61percent (58–64%) in 2014. For non-commercial lovers, constant condom usage increased from 32% (29–36%) in 2007 to 51percent (49–53%) in 2014. For self-reported experiences of sexually transmitted illness (STI), there was clearly an increase from 7% (5–9%) in 2007 to 15percent (13–17%) this season and 19per cent (17–20%) in 2014.

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